The formation of the North Atlantic treaty was a direct result of the cold war which was the conflict between the Western nations (the United States, Great Britain, and other countries) and the Communist Eastern bloc saw (led by the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics). A contributor to NATO was a coup sponsored by the Soviet Union overthrew the democratic government of Czechoslovakia. Within a few days, U.S. leaders agreed to join discussions aimed at forming a joint security agreement with their European allies. The discussions between the Western nations concluded on April 4, 1949, when the foreign ministers of 12 countries in North America and Western Europe gathered in Washington D.C., to sign the North Atlantic Treaty.
Source 1: An Article from the Treaty which shows What the 12 nations agreed on the requirements of the treaty, This Article is clearly being directed at the USSR as it is used to protect the western European nations in case they were to be attacked by the USSR
"Article 5: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security."
Source 2: On April 4th, 1949 twelve nations form Western Europe and North America signed the North Atlantic treaty in Washington, D.C. This picture shows us no Eastern European nation, clearly emphasizing that this treaty is made to contain the USSR
Summary:
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation was established in Washington 4th of April in 1949 and was signed between the Western European Nations and America. NATO was designed to provide mutual assistance if any of these countries were to be attacked (clearly directing this at the USSR.) NATO was a product of containment policy which was implemented by Harry Truman. it prevents potential opponents from being tempted to exert political pressure on any one of the allies through military force. In 1952 Greece and Turkey both joined NATO, this strengthening NATO as an organisation.
Source 3: Political Cartoon about NATO, NATO said that it wanted peace with Russia and in Europe, but its real goal was to contain communism. This cartoon shows that if the USSR were to attack there would of been nuclear warfare, this clearly showing that NATO was not designed to completely keep peace but to threaten and contain Russia and in doing this create peace.
Source 4: NATO is significant in The Foreign Policy because it was made to counter the Soviet Union's threat during the Cold War. It showed that those countries were united as one, and if Soviet Union were to attack one of the nations, all of the countries in NATO would strike back
Perspectives:
Throughout 1945 and 1990 during the cold war, Russia did not really have a stance on NATO, as they couldn't really do much about NATO. America claimed that NATO was made to make sure if any countries were attacked in the NATO pact all the countries would unite as one and all countries in NATO would fight back. Although it didn't directly aim NATO at the USSR it was very obvious. The clear benefits for America form NATO was political stability which was gradually restored to Western Europe and the post-war economic miracle happend. Source 5:This source shows a stamp that shows the importance of NATO that the Western European was uniting the west for freedom. This clearly shows that US citizens and western European thought that NATO was their for their protection, which it was.
Source 6: This source expresses the faults of the North Atlantic Treaty and that it did not help contribute to stopping the cold war but made it worsen. Although The USSR were threatened by NATO this did not help the problem of the cold war. It did lead to the USSR not attacking any nation from the treaty but it made the relationship more tense between America and Russia, thus why the source is called an empty victory.
NATO
Implications:
Their are many implications of the North Atlantic Treaty one of these being that it didn't really solve anything but made the relationship between the US and The USSR more tense. it is very clear that NATO contributed to the conflict in the cold war as it emphasised the division and conflict of the US and the USSR. Although it contributed to the cold war, it did what it was meant to do which was contain the USSR.
Bibliography:
Biblio details:
Kenez, Peter. A History of the soviet Union from the beginning to the End 2nd ed
Cambridge University Press
Notes:
This resource Only 3 pages on Nato, but gives a useful insight on what Nato was about and how the Russian Soviets were threatened by it.
Biblio details:
Kort, Michael. The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union
Franklin Watts, INC
Notes:
This resource emphasises what the North Atlantic Treaty Organization were trying to achieve, what their goals were as an organisation. It also shows us that NATO was formed directly from the cold war.
This resource demonstrates a great summary of what NATO was and its gives in depth detail of the actual treaty and the clear impact it had on the cold war
This resource shows a detailed timeline of the events throughout the 1949- 1990 and emphasises NATO’s effect on the cold war and how it was made to contain the USSR.
“Cold War? Heck, it was a hot war” Although the relationship between America and the USSR, during the years of 1945- 1991 can be considered as a hot war, it was evidently a cold war due to no actual fighting going on. A hot war involves armed conflict between nations, whereas a cold war refers to an economic, political and military rivalry between nations. The main difference being that there is no actual combat in a cold war. The main reason why the cold war didn’t turn into a hot war was because it would of most likely led mass destruction around the world due to the nuclear missiles both countries had mass amounts of destructive weapons and both countries new that the other country had destructive weapons. So America and Russia stopped short of war. They didn’t declare war. But they did everything to oppose each other short of war. It was called the ‘cold war’. Although situations between the US and the USSR nearly resulted in war like Check point Charlie it is still called a cold war as no actual fighting took place.
Why is the Cold War worth remembering? The Cold War is worth remembering as it played a significant impact on the world we live in. The Cold war was perhaps one of the most hostile and tense times in history between the two main super power of the world, the USA and the USSR. Although the Cold War didn’t cause as big effect on the world compared to World War 2, it had the potential to destroy the world at many occasions. This was because of the Nuclear arms race which was both nations creating mass amounts of production of nuclear weapons. The reason for the arms race was so the fear of America having the upper hand if it came down to war or the need for Nuclear weapons. Luckily no nation got hurt by the nuclear arms race. But this was just one of the events in the Cold War that caused tension and fear between these two nations. If the cold war did go sour at any point the world, we live in would be a very different place to what it is now. The Cold war needs to be remembered as it shaped the world we live in today.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
By William GiagnacovoBackground:
The formation of the North Atlantic treaty was a direct result of the cold war which was the conflict between the Western nations (the United States, Great Britain, and other countries) and the Communist Eastern bloc saw (led by the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics). A contributor to NATO was a coup sponsored by the Soviet Union overthrew the democratic government of Czechoslovakia. Within a few days, U.S. leaders agreed to join discussions aimed at forming a joint security agreement with their European allies. The discussions between the Western nations concluded on April 4, 1949, when the foreign ministers of 12 countries in North America and Western Europe gathered in Washington D.C., to sign the North Atlantic Treaty.Source 1: An Article from the Treaty which shows What the 12 nations agreed on the requirements of the treaty, This Article is clearly being directed at the USSR as it is used to protect the western European nations in case they were to be attacked by the USSR
"Article 5: The Parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all and consequently they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area. Any such armed attack and all measures taken as a result thereof shall immediately be reported to the Security Council. Such measures shall be terminated when the Security Council has taken the measures necessary to restore and maintain international peace and security."Source 2: On April 4th, 1949 twelve nations form Western Europe and North America signed the North Atlantic treaty in Washington, D.C. This picture shows us no Eastern European nation, clearly emphasizing that this treaty is made to contain the USSR
Summary:
The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation was established in Washington 4th of April in 1949 and was signed between the Western European Nations and America. NATO was designed to provide mutual assistance if any of these countries were to be attacked (clearly directing this at the USSR.) NATO was a product of containment policy which was implemented by Harry Truman. it prevents potential opponents from being tempted to exert political pressure on any one of the allies through military force. In 1952 Greece and Turkey both joined NATO, this strengthening NATO as an organisation.Source 3: Political Cartoon about NATO, NATO said that it wanted peace with Russia and in Europe, but its real goal was to contain communism. This cartoon shows that if the USSR were to attack there would of been nuclear warfare, this clearly showing that NATO was not designed to completely keep peace but to threaten and contain Russia and in doing this create peace.
Source 4: NATO is significant in The Foreign Policy because it was made to counter the Soviet Union's threat during the Cold War. It showed that those countries were united as one, and if Soviet Union were to attack one of the nations, all of the countries in NATO would strike back
Perspectives:
Throughout 1945 and 1990 during the cold war, Russia did not really have a stance on NATO, as they couldn't really do much about NATO. America claimed that NATO was made to make sure if any countries were attacked in the NATO pact all the countries would unite as one and all countries in NATO would fight back. Although it didn't directly aim NATO at the USSR it was very obvious. The clear benefits for America form NATO was political stability which was gradually restored to Western Europe and the post-war economic miracle happend.Source 5:This source shows a stamp that shows the importance of NATO that the Western European was uniting the west for freedom. This clearly shows that US citizens and western European thought that NATO was their for their protection, which it was.
Source 6: This source expresses the faults of the North Atlantic Treaty and that it did not help contribute to stopping the cold war but made it worsen. Although The USSR were threatened by NATO this did not help the problem of the cold war. It did lead to the USSR not attacking any nation from the treaty but it made the relationship more tense between America and Russia, thus why the source is called an empty victory.
Implications:
Their are many implications of the North Atlantic Treaty one of these being that it didn't really solve anything but made the relationship between the US and The USSR more tense. it is very clear that NATO contributed to the conflict in the cold war as it emphasised the division and conflict of the US and the USSR. Although it contributed to the cold war, it did what it was meant to do which was contain the USSR.Bibliography:
Cambridge University Press
Franklin Watts, INC
Simkin, John http://spartacus-educational.com/USAnato.htm
http://www.nato.int/history/nato-history.html
Part 2:
http://www.timetoast.com/timelines/significant-events-in-the-cold-war-0a7ff88a-c955-440c-b48d-4575c1823dfbPart 3
“Cold War? Heck, it was a hot war”Although the relationship between America and the USSR, during the years of 1945- 1991 can be considered as a hot war, it was evidently a cold war due to no actual fighting going on. A hot war involves armed conflict between nations, whereas a cold war refers to an economic, political and military rivalry between nations. The main difference being that there is no actual combat in a cold war.
The main reason why the cold war didn’t turn into a hot war was because it would of most likely led mass destruction around the world due to the nuclear missiles both countries had mass amounts of destructive weapons and both countries new that the other country had destructive weapons. So America and Russia stopped short of war. They didn’t declare war. But they did everything to oppose each other short of war. It was called the ‘cold war’. Although situations between the US and the USSR nearly resulted in war like Check point Charlie it is still called a cold war as no actual fighting took place.
Why is the Cold War worth remembering?
The Cold War is worth remembering as it played a significant impact on the world we live in. The Cold war was perhaps one of the most hostile and tense times in history between the two main super power of the world, the USA and the USSR. Although the Cold War didn’t cause as big effect on the world compared to World War 2, it had the potential to destroy the world at many occasions. This was because of the Nuclear arms race which was both nations creating mass amounts of production of nuclear weapons. The reason for the arms race was so the fear of America having the upper hand if it came down to war or the need for Nuclear weapons. Luckily no nation got hurt by the nuclear arms race. But this was just one of the events in the Cold War that caused tension and fear between these two nations. If the cold war did go sour at any point the world, we live in would be a very different place to what it is now. The Cold war needs to be remembered as it shaped the world we live in today.